Difference between revisions of "Mini-Bee"

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We aim to develop through a Lesser Open Source License [http://www.bee-license.com/] a hybrid Vertical and Take-Off Landing (VTOL) aircraft for medical purposes.<BR>
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[[Category:MiniBee]]
 +
[[Category:TRL4]]
 +
[[Category:VTOL]]
 +
[[Category:Humanitarian Aviation]]
 +
[[Category:Hybrid Propulsion]]
 +
 
 +
__NOTOC__
 +
 
 +
<div style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#172536; line-height:1.58; background:#f7f9fb; padding:1px 0;">
 +
 
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
<!-- HERO SECTION -->
 +
<!-- Palette professionnelle : bleu aviation, gris doux, accent bleu acier -->
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
 
 +
<div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; border-radius:28px; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#10263b 0%,#1f4058 52%,#49677a 100%); color:white; padding:42px 42px 34px 42px; margin:0 0 28px 0; box-shadow:0 18px 44px rgba(15,23,42,0.18);">
 +
  <div style="max-width:1180px; margin:auto;">
 +
    <p style="margin:0 0 10px 0; padding:0; border:0; background:transparent; font-size:13px; letter-spacing:0.08em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#ffffff; font-weight:600; box-shadow:none;">
 +
      TRL4 demonstrator · Hybrid VTOL · Humanitarian aviation
 +
    </p>
 +
 
 +
    <h1 style="font-size:50px; line-height:1.02; margin:22px 0 14px 0; max-width:900px; font-weight:800; letter-spacing:-0.04em; color:#ffffff;">
 +
      Mini-Bee Hybrid VTOL
 +
    </h1>
 +
 
 +
    <p style="font-size:21px; max-width:900px; color:#e4edf4; margin:0 0 26px 0;">
 +
      A collaborative hybrid VTOL multicopter concept designed for urgent humanitarian missions, light air ambulance operations, emergency logistics and rapid field deployment without runway dependency.
 +
    </p>
 +
 
 +
    <div style="border-radius:24px; overflow:hidden; background:rgba(255,255,255,0.08); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.18); padding:10px; margin:28px 0;">
 +
      [[File:01_hero_principal_minibee.png|1200px|center|Mini-Bee Hybrid VTOL – humanitarian mission concept]]
 +
    </div>
 +
 
 +
    <div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(120px,1fr)); gap:14px; margin-top:24px;">
 +
      <div style="background:rgba(255,255,255,0.11); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.18); border-radius:18px; padding:18px;">
 +
        <div style="font-size:34px; font-weight:800; color:#ffffff;">18</div>
 +
        <div style="font-size:13px; color:#d6e1ea; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.08em;">distributed rotors</div>
 +
      </div>
 +
      <div style="background:rgba(255,255,255,0.11); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.18); border-radius:18px; padding:18px;">
 +
        <div style="font-size:34px; font-weight:800; color:#ffffff;">450 km</div>
 +
        <div style="font-size:13px; color:#d6e1ea; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.08em;">target range</div>
 +
      </div>
 +
      <div style="background:rgba(255,255,255,0.11); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.18); border-radius:18px; padding:18px;">
 +
        <div style="font-size:34px; font-weight:800; color:#ffffff;">160 km/h</div>
 +
        <div style="font-size:13px; color:#d6e1ea; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.08em;">cruise speed</div>
 +
      </div>
 +
      <div style="background:rgba(255,255,255,0.11); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.18); border-radius:18px; padding:18px;">
 +
        <div style="font-size:34px; font-weight:800; color:#ffffff;">700 kg</div>
 +
        <div style="font-size:13px; color:#d6e1ea; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:0.08em;">MTOW target</div>
 +
      </div>
 +
    </div>
 +
  </div>
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
<!-- INTRO SUMMARY -->
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
  
−
Project is at TRL4 in 2023.
+
<div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr; gap:24px; margin:28px 0;">
 +
  <div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:24px; padding:28px; box-shadow:0 8px 26px rgba(15,23,42,0.06);">
 +
    <p style="font-size:18px; margin-top:0;">
 +
      <strong>Mini-Bee</strong> is a collaborative hybrid VTOL multicopter project coordinated by <strong>Technoplane SAS</strong> under the <strong>Lesser Open Bee License 1.3</strong>.
 +
    </p>
 +
    <p>
 +
      The current reference configuration is the <strong>Mini-Bee P2H18</strong>: a two-seat hybrid VTOL multicopter using <strong>18 distributed rotors</strong>, a <strong>Rotax 916 iS</strong> thermal engine, twin <strong>EMRAX 208</strong> high-voltage electric machines, supercapacitor support and computerized flight control.
 +
    </p>
 +
    <p style="margin-bottom:0;">
 +
      <strong>Current maturity level:</strong> TRL4 – demonstrator stage.
 +
    </p>
 +
  </div>
  
 +
  <div style="background:#10263b; color:white; border-radius:24px; padding:28px; box-shadow:0 8px 26px rgba(15,23,42,0.10);">
 +
    <div style="font-size:13px; letter-spacing:0.1em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#c7d7e5; margin-bottom:14px;">Official links</div>
 +
    <ul style="margin:0; padding-left:20px;">
 +
      <li>[https://www.mini-bee.com/ Mini-Bee website]</li>
 +
      <li>[https://wiki.collaborativebee.com/ Collaborative Bee Wiki]</li>
 +
      <li>[http://www.bee-license.com/ Lesser Open Bee License 1.3]</li>
 +
    </ul>
 +
  </div>
 +
</div>
  
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
<!-- PROJECT VISION -->
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
  
−
[[File:20230418 Mini-Bee v16.pdf]]<br>
+
== Project Vision ==
  
−
<gallery>
+
<div style="background:#f2f6f9; border-left:6px solid #4f7d95; border-radius:18px; padding:24px 28px; margin:18px 0 24px 0;">
−
File:MiniBee 20230418 Image1.png
+
  <p style="font-size:18px; margin:0; color:#243447;">
−
File:MiniBee 20230418 Image2.png
+
    Mini-Bee is not only a VTOL technology demonstrator. It is designed around a mission need: reaching people and equipment in difficult environments where conventional ground access is slow, damaged or unavailable.
−
File:MiniBee 20230418 Image3.png
+
  </p>
−
File:MiniBee 20230418 Image4.png
+
</div>
−
File:MiniBee 20230418 Image5.png
+
 
−
File:MiniBee 20230418 Image6.png
+
<div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:16px; margin:24px 0;">
−
File:MiniBee 20230418 Image7.png
+
  <div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:20px; padding:22px; box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(15,23,42,0.045);">
−
File:MiniBee 20230418 Image8.png
+
    <div style="font-size:22px; font-weight:800; color:#2f5f7a; margin-bottom:8px;">Medical response</div>
−
File:MiniBee 20230418 Image9.png
+
    <p style="margin:0; color:#526374;">Rapid access for a pilot, doctor, operator or stabilized passenger in areas where ground routes are disrupted.</p>
−
File:MiniBee 20230418 Image10.png
+
  </div>
 +
  <div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:20px; padding:22px; box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(15,23,42,0.045);">
 +
    <div style="font-size:22px; font-weight:800; color:#2f5f7a; margin-bottom:8px;">Field deployment</div>
 +
    <p style="margin:0; color:#526374;">A modular logistics concept based on LD3 air cargo containers and controlled assembly near the mission area.</p>
 +
  </div>
 +
  <div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:20px; padding:22px; box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(15,23,42,0.045);">
 +
    <div style="font-size:22px; font-weight:800; color:#2f5f7a; margin-bottom:8px;">Lower complexity</div>
 +
    <p style="margin:0; color:#526374;">A practical VTOL demonstrator intended to reduce deployment complexity compared with conventional helicopter logistics.</p>
 +
  </div>
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
The project follows an open-innovation approach where academics, industrial partners, independent contributors and humanitarian stakeholders can contribute to the development of a practical VTOL platform.
 +
 
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
<!-- REFERENCE CONFIGURATION -->
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
 
 +
== Reference Configuration – Mini-Bee P2H18 ==
 +
 
 +
<div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:24px; padding:20px; box-shadow:0 8px 26px rgba(15,23,42,0.06); margin:18px 0 24px 0;">
 +
  [[File:02_vue_produit_studio_minibee.png|1000px|center|Mini-Bee P2H18 reference configuration]]
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse;"
 +
! style="width:32%; background:#10263b; color:white;" | Parameter
 +
! style="background:#10263b; color:white;" | Current reference value
 +
|-
 +
| Aircraft type
 +
| Hybrid VTOL multicopter
 +
|-
 +
| Configuration
 +
| P2H18 – 2 persons on board, 18 rotors
 +
|-
 +
| Capacity
 +
| 1 pilot + 1 passenger or medical operator
 +
|-
 +
| Propulsion
 +
| Rotax 916 iS + 2 × EMRAX 208 HV CC
 +
|-
 +
| Lift system
 +
| 18 distributed vertical-lift rotors
 +
|-
 +
| Cruise speed
 +
| 160 km/h target
 +
|-
 +
| Target range
 +
| 450 km
 +
|-
 +
| Cruise power
 +
| 100 kW target
 +
|-
 +
| MTOW
 +
| 700 kg target
 +
|-
 +
| Safety approach
 +
| Rotor redundancy, ballistic parachute, emergency beacon, computerized flight control
 +
|-
 +
| Deployment
 +
| Modular packing into LD3 containers
 +
|-
 +
| Maturity
 +
| TRL4 – demonstrator stage
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
<!-- VISUAL OVERVIEW -->
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
 
 +
== Visual Overview ==
 +
 
 +
<div style="background:#f2f6f9; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:22px; padding:22px; margin:18px 0 26px 0;">
 +
  <p style="margin-top:0; color:#243447;">
 +
    The following visual library is prepared for the official Mini-Bee image set. The aircraft configuration must remain unchanged: white Mini-Bee fuselage, homogeneous hexagonal upper rotor structure, symmetrical metallic tubular arms, triangulated structure connected to the central hub, and exactly 18 rotors with 18 visible propellers.
 +
  </p>
 +
 
 +
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="190">
 +
File:01_hero_principal_minibee.png|Hero view – humanitarian VTOL concept
 +
File:02_vue_produit_studio_minibee.png|Reference product view – P2H18
 +
File:03_architecture_technique_minibee.png|Hybrid technical architecture
 +
File:04_mission_air_ambulance_minibee.png|Light air ambulance mission
 +
File:05_mission_disaster_relief_minibee.png|Disaster relief mission
 +
File:06_mission_remote_access_minibee.png|Remote access mission
 +
File:07_mission_emergency_energy_minibee.png|Emergency energy support
 +
File:08_logistique_ld3_minibee.png|LD3 modular deployment
 +
File:09_cockpit_hmi_avionics_minibee.png|Cockpit, HMI and avionics
 +
File:10_tarmac_assembly_minibee.png|Tarmac assembly
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 +
</div>
 +
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
<!-- MISSION LOGIC -->
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
 +
== Mission Logic First ==
 +
 +
<div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.05fr 0.95fr; gap:24px; align-items:start; margin:20px 0 28px 0;">
 +
  <div>
 +
    <p>
 +
      The Mini-Bee project follows a mission-first design logic. The aim is not to reproduce an air taxi concept, but to study a practical aircraft for humanitarian and emergency operations.
 +
    </p>
 +
    <p>The aircraft is intended for situations where:</p>
 +
    <ul>
 +
      <li>roads are damaged, slow or unavailable;</li>
 +
      <li>a conventional helicopter is too costly or difficult to deploy;</li>
 +
      <li>a runway is not available;</li>
 +
      <li>rapid access is more important than high cruise speed;</li>
 +
      <li>one pilot and one passenger/operator are sufficient;</li>
 +
      <li>compact logistics and field assembly are essential.</li>
 +
    </ul>
 +
  </div>
 +
 +
  <div style="background:#10263b; color:white; border-radius:24px; padding:26px; box-shadow:0 10px 28px rgba(15,23,42,0.14);">
 +
    <div style="font-size:13px; letter-spacing:0.1em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#c7d7e5; margin-bottom:10px;">Mission design principle</div>
 +
    <div style="font-size:30px; line-height:1.1; font-weight:800; margin-bottom:12px;">Reach the mission area first.</div>
 +
    <p style="color:#d6e1ea; margin:0;">Mini-Bee prioritizes practical access, deployability and emergency usefulness over luxury mobility or high-speed transport.</p>
 +
  </div>
 +
</div>
 +
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
<!-- CORE MISSIONS -->
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
 +
== Core Humanitarian Missions ==
 +
 +
<div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:22px; margin:20px 0;">
 +
  <div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:24px; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(15,23,42,0.06);">
 +
    [[File:04_mission_air_ambulance_minibee.png|700px|center|Mini-Bee light air ambulance mission]]
 +
    <div style="padding:24px;">
 +
      <h3 style="margin-top:0; color:#2f5f7a;">Light Air Ambulance</h3>
 +
      <p>Mini-Bee is primarily studied as a light air ambulance and medical response platform.</p>
 +
      <ul>
 +
        <li>transport of a doctor or medical operator;</li>
 +
        <li>access to isolated clinics or mountain areas;</li>
 +
        <li>evacuation of a stabilized patient;</li>
 +
        <li>delivery of medical supplies to remote sites.</li>
 +
      </ul>
 +
    </div>
 +
  </div>
 +
 +
  <div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:24px; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(15,23,42,0.06);">
 +
    [[File:05_mission_disaster_relief_minibee.png|700px|center|Mini-Bee disaster relief mission]]
 +
    <div style="padding:24px;">
 +
      <h3 style="margin-top:0; color:#2f5f7a;">Disaster Relief</h3>
 +
      <p>In disaster zones, the first operational difficulty is often access.</p>
 +
      <ul>
 +
        <li>rapid reconnaissance;</li>
 +
        <li>delivery of urgent supplies;</li>
 +
        <li>transport of a field operator;</li>
 +
        <li>support after road or bridge damage.</li>
 +
      </ul>
 +
    </div>
 +
  </div>
 +
 +
  <div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:24px; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(15,23,42,0.06);">
 +
    [[File:06_mission_remote_access_minibee.png|700px|center|Mini-Bee remote access mission]]
 +
    <div style="padding:24px;">
 +
      <h3 style="margin-top:0; color:#2f5f7a;">Remote Access</h3>
 +
      <p>Remote areas require aircraft that can operate without a runway.</p>
 +
      <ul>
 +
        <li>isolated medical sites;</li>
 +
        <li>mountain rescue support;</li>
 +
        <li>island-to-island emergency transport;</li>
 +
        <li>temporary field operations.</li>
 +
      </ul>
 +
    </div>
 +
  </div>
 +
 +
  <div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:24px; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(15,23,42,0.06);">
 +
    [[File:07_mission_emergency_energy_minibee.png|700px|center|Mini-Bee emergency energy support mission]]
 +
    <div style="padding:24px;">
 +
      <h3 style="margin-top:0; color:#2f5f7a;">Emergency Energy Support</h3>
 +
      <p>The hybrid architecture is also studied for emergency power support.</p>
 +
      <ul>
 +
        <li>emergency electrical generation;</li>
 +
        <li>crisis-site power support;</li>
 +
        <li>mobile energy buffer using supercapacitors;</li>
 +
        <li>support to temporary medical units.</li>
 +
      </ul>
 +
    </div>
 +
  </div>
 +
</div>
 +
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
<!-- HYBRID PROPULSION -->
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
 +
== Why Hybrid Propulsion Matters ==
 +
 +
<div style="background:linear-gradient(135deg,#f7f9fb,#eef5f8); border:1px solid #d9e7ef; border-radius:24px; padding:28px; margin:18px 0 28px 0;">
 +
  <p style="font-size:18px; margin-top:0; color:#243447;">
 +
    A fully electric multicopter can be attractive for short missions, but humanitarian operations often face limited charging infrastructure, uncertain logistics and longer-distance access needs.
 +
  </p>
 +
  <p style="margin-bottom:0; color:#243447;">
 +
    Mini-Bee therefore studies a hybrid architecture intended to combine the endurance and practicality of thermal energy with the controllability and redundancy of distributed electric lift.
 +
  </p>
 +
</div>
 +
 +
== Hybrid Technical Architecture ==
 +
 +
<div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:24px; padding:20px; box-shadow:0 8px 26px rgba(15,23,42,0.06); margin:18px 0 24px 0;">
 +
  [[File:03_architecture_technique_minibee.png|1000px|center|Mini-Bee hybrid technical architecture]]
 +
</div>
 +
 +
<div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(7,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:8px; margin:22px 0 30px 0; text-align:center;">
 +
  <div style="background:#10263b; color:white; border-radius:16px; padding:15px 8px; font-weight:700;">Fuel</div>
 +
  <div style="background:#1f4058; color:white; border-radius:16px; padding:15px 8px; font-weight:700;">Rotax 916 iS</div>
 +
  <div style="background:#33566d; color:white; border-radius:16px; padding:15px 8px; font-weight:700;">EMRAX</div>
 +
  <div style="background:#49677a; color:white; border-radius:16px; padding:15px 8px; font-weight:700;">Rectifiers</div>
 +
  <div style="background:#56788a; color:white; border-radius:16px; padding:15px 8px; font-weight:700;">DC bus</div>
 +
  <div style="background:#63899c; color:white; border-radius:16px; padding:15px 8px; font-weight:700;">ESCs</div>
 +
  <div style="background:#7099ad; color:white; border-radius:16px; padding:15px 8px; font-weight:700;">18 rotors</div>
 +
</div>
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
 +
! style="background:#10263b; color:white;" | Subsystem
 +
! style="background:#10263b; color:white;" | Role
 +
|-
 +
| Rotax 916 iS
 +
| Thermal power source for hybrid generation
 +
|-
 +
| EMRAX 208 HV CC
 +
| Electric machines used in the hybrid power chain
 +
|-
 +
| Rectifiers
 +
| Conversion toward high-voltage DC distribution
 +
|-
 +
| Supercapacitors
 +
| Buffer for transient power demands and emergency support
 +
|-
 +
| ESC / power controllers
 +
| Individual rotor control and thrust distribution
 +
|-
 +
| 18 rotors
 +
| Distributed vertical lift and redundancy studies
 +
|-
 +
| FCU
 +
| Stabilization, flight control, degraded modes and safety logic
 +
|}
  
−
The Mini-Bee project is an open-source initiative undertaken by Technoplane SAS, where multiple actors including academics, individuals, and industries collaborate to achieve the project's goals. The project is achieved under a dedicated lesser open-source license, which allows for public sharing of project works on a wiki. The project's works are mainly shared on a public wiki, with tasks being achieved with coordinator management.<BR>
+
<!-- ===================================================== -->
−
Private tasks and products covered by other licenses or intellectual property rights can be included within the project, with only interface works being covered by the open-source paragraph of the Lesser Open Source License. Participants may use the works done on the project for technical or commercial use, and standard royalty percentages are defined by default. More information can be found on the Industrial Property and Collaborative Bee websites.<BR>
+
<!-- FLIGHT CONTROL -->
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
  
 +
== Flight Control Unit and Stabilization ==
  
 +
<div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:22px; margin:20px 0;">
 +
  <div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:24px; padding:26px; box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(15,23,42,0.06);">
 +
    <h3 style="margin-top:0; color:#2f5f7a;">Why a dedicated FCU is needed</h3>
 +
    <p>Mini-Bee is neither a conventional helicopter nor a battery-only multicopter. The FCU must manage distributed lift, hybrid power behavior, assisted control and degraded modes.</p>
 +
    <ul>
 +
      <li>vertical take-off and landing;</li>
 +
      <li>hover stabilization;</li>
 +
      <li>pitch, roll and yaw control;</li>
 +
      <li>power distribution across 18 rotors;</li>
 +
      <li>STOP mode and emergency logic;</li>
 +
      <li>telemetry and flight data recording.</li>
 +
    </ul>
 +
  </div>
  
−
== Project Summary TRL4 - Summer 2023 ==
+
  <div style="background:#f2f6f9; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:24px; padding:26px;">
 +
    <h3 style="margin-top:0; color:#2f5f7a;">Current prototyping direction</h3>
 +
    <p>The current prototyping approach is based on STM32 / Nucleo components and inertial/environmental sensors.</p>
 +
    <ul>
 +
      <li>accelerometers and gyroscopes;</li>
 +
      <li>magnetometer;</li>
 +
      <li>barometric pressure sensor;</li>
 +
      <li>GPS or positioning input;</li>
 +
      <li>power and rotor monitoring.</li>
 +
    </ul>
 +
  </div>
 +
</div>
  
−
Hybrid configuration VTOL Multicopter during end of TRL 3 is in june 2023 :<BR>
+
<!-- ===================================================== -->
−
- 2 Pilots,<BR>
+
<!-- COCKPIT -->
−
- 1 Rotax 915is without gearbox,<BR>
+
<!-- ===================================================== -->
−
- 2 Emrax 228 twin hexaphase high voltage, combined cooled,<BR>
 
−
- Redressor and supercondensator,
 
−
- 60 electric engines with propellers.<BR>
 
−
<BR>
 
−
- 3 wheels,<BR>
 
−
- 2 seats,<BR>
 
−
- 1 parachute.<BR>
 
  
 +
== Cockpit, HMI and Avionics ==
  
−
Intermediate presentation Ecole Centrale Lille :<br>
+
<div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:24px; padding:20px; box-shadow:0 8px 26px rgba(15,23,42,0.06); margin:18px 0 24px 0;">
−
[[File:20240417 Prez Mini Bee ECL.pdf]]<br>
+
  [[File:09_cockpit_hmi_avionics_minibee.png|1000px|center|Mini-Bee cockpit and avionics concept]]
−
<br>
+
</div>
  
 +
<div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:22px; margin:20px 0;">
 +
  <div>
 +
    <p>The cockpit concept is designed around simplified assisted flight control.</p>
 +
    <ul>
 +
      <li>one pilot on board;</li>
 +
      <li>joystick-based control;</li>
 +
      <li>sport / assisted mode logic;</li>
 +
      <li>emergency beacon;</li>
 +
      <li>Kanardia EMSIS / DAQu equipment studies;</li>
 +
      <li>clear warning and alarm logic;</li>
 +
      <li>computerized flight assistance.</li>
 +
    </ul>
 +
  </div>
 +
  <div style="background:#10263b; color:white; border-radius:24px; padding:26px;">
 +
    <div style="font-size:13px; letter-spacing:0.1em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#c7d7e5; margin-bottom:10px;">Important status</div>
 +
    <p style="margin:0; color:#d6e1ea;">The aircraft remains a demonstrator. The final cockpit configuration must be validated through HMI studies, simulation, ground tests and future certification-oriented reviews.</p>
 +
  </div>
 +
</div>
  
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
<!-- LD3 DEPLOYMENT -->
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
  
−
[[File:20230418 Mini-Bee v16.pdf]]<br>
+
== Modular Deployment with LD3 Containers ==
−
<br>
 
  
 +
<div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:24px; padding:20px; box-shadow:0 8px 26px rgba(15,23,42,0.06); margin:18px 0 24px 0;">
 +
  [[File:08_logistique_ld3_minibee.png|1000px|center|Mini-Bee LD3 modular deployment]]
 +
</div>
  
−
The development of a hybrid VTOL multicopter is an exciting project that is set to revolutionize the way we travel. This innovative aircraft is currently in TRL-4 configuration. The project includes several unique features that set it apart from traditional aircraft designs.<p>
+
A major operational goal of Mini-Bee is rapid deployment through standard air cargo logistics.
  
−
One of the most significant features of this hybrid VTOL multicopter is its propulsion system. It is equipped with a single Rotax 915is engine without gearbox and two Emrax 228 twin hexaphase high-voltage motors that are combined and cooled. This configuration provides the aircraft with an excellent balance of power and efficiency, making it an ideal choice for short-range flights.<p>
+
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
 +
! style="background:#10263b; color:white;" | Module
 +
! style="background:#10263b; color:white;" | Content
 +
|-
 +
| LD3 – Cockpit
 +
| Main cabin, seats, avionics and central structure
 +
|-
 +
| LD3 – Tubes
 +
| Tubular frame, structural arms and assembly elements
 +
|-
 +
| LD3 – Blades / Rotors
 +
| Rotor elements, blades and mission equipment
 +
|}
  
−
In addition to the propulsion system, this aircraft is also equipped with a redressor and a superconductor. These two components work together to regulate the power output of the electric motors and improve the overall efficiency of the aircraft. With sixty electric engines and propellers, the hybrid VTOL multicopter can quickly take off and land vertically, making it an ideal choice for urban transportation.<p>
+
== Tarmac Assembly ==
  
−
The aircraft's design also includes several safety features, such as three wheels, two seats, and a parachute. The three wheels provide stability during takeoff and landing, while the two seats offer comfort and safety for the passengers. In the event of an emergency, the parachute can be deployed to ensure a safe landing.<p>
+
<div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:24px; padding:20px; box-shadow:0 8px 26px rgba(15,23,42,0.06); margin:18px 0 24px 0;">
 +
  [[File:10_tarmac_assembly_minibee.png|1000px|center|Mini-Bee tarmac assembly]]
 +
</div>
  
−
The hybrid VTOL multicopter is also designed to be piloted by two people, further increasing its safety and reliability. The two pilots can work together to ensure that the aircraft is operating correctly and safely, providing peace of mind during their flight.<p>
+
<div style="background:#f2f6f9; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:22px; padding:24px; margin:18px 0 28px 0;">
 +
  <ol style="margin:0;">
 +
    <li>Air transport by civil cargo aircraft.</li>
 +
    <li>Unloading of LD3 modules.</li>
 +
    <li>Controlled assembly on tarmac.</li>
 +
    <li>Ground checks.</li>
 +
    <li>Propulsion and FCU validation.</li>
 +
    <li>Mission preparation close to the intervention area.</li>
 +
  </ol>
 +
</div>
  
−
Overall, the hybrid VTOL multicopter is an innovative and exciting new project that has the potential to transform the way we travel. With its efficient propulsion system, safety features, and piloting capabilities, this aircraft is an excellent choice for short-range flights in suburban areas. As the project continues to develop, it will be interesting to see how it evolves and impacts the future of air transportation.<p>
+
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
<!-- SAFETY AND CERTIFICATION -->
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
  
−
[[VTOL Technologies]]<br>
+
== Safety Philosophy ==
  
−
[[Private Bee 3D GPS]]<br>
+
<div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:16px; margin:20px 0;">
 +
  <div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:20px; padding:22px; box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(15,23,42,0.045);"><strong>Distributed lift</strong><br />18 rotors for redundancy studies and thrust allocation.</div>
 +
  <div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:20px; padding:22px; box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(15,23,42,0.045);"><strong>Emergency recovery</strong><br />Ballistic parachute, emergency beacon and degraded modes.</div>
 +
  <div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:20px; padding:22px; box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(15,23,42,0.045);"><strong>Occupant protection</strong><br />Anti-crash seats and structure as central design topics.</div>
 +
</div>
  
−
==Project History==
+
A single-engine hybrid multicopter does not follow the same safety logic as a conventional helicopter. For this reason, emergency descent, parachute recovery and rotor redundancy are central design topics.
−
<BR>
 
−
Past TRL steps :<br>
 
−
[[Minibee TRL3]]<BR>
 
−
[[Minibee TRL2]]<BR>
 
−
[[Minibee TRL1]]<BR>
 
  
 +
== Certification-Oriented Development ==
  
−
[[File:20210414 Mini-Bee v10.pdf]]<BR>
+
<div style="background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-radius:24px; padding:20px; box-shadow:0 8px 26px rgba(15,23,42,0.06); margin:18px 0 24px 0;">
 +
  [[File:11_certification_roadmap_minibee.png|1000px|center|Mini-Bee certification roadmap]]
 +
</div>
  
−
<br>
+
Mini-Bee is currently a TRL4 demonstrator. It is not presented as a certified operational aircraft.
−
* Presentation of VTOL and Mini-Bee made during Virtual Aerospace Show 7 april 2021
 
−
[[File:20210407 VTOL et Mini-Bee v2.pdf]]<br>
 
−
<br>
 
−
Project was launched in January 2015 to study individual air transportation but switched to medical transportation on 2016.<br>
 
−
On Paris Air Show 2015 we presented a first mock-up and it was a success ! <br><br>
 
−
<BR>
 
−
[[File:20200921 Mini-Bee 2PAX v9-1.pdf]]<BR>
 
−
<br>
 
−
Bourget 2019 and event with cokcpit prototype : [[Bourget 2019]]<br>
 
−
<br>
 
−
Summary of Mini-Bee projects since start in 2015.<BR>
 
−
[[File:Mini-Bee Evolution Projets v1.pdf]]<BR><BR>
 
−
[[Minibee TRL2]]<BR>
 
−
<BR>
 
−
[[File:MiniBee 01.jpg|300px|center]]
 
−
<BR>
 
−
<BR>
 
−
During 2015 and 2016 multiple universities studied concept and TRL1 closed in June 2016.<br>
 
−
In summer 2017, project achieved TRL2 at Paris Air Show 2017 and is now entering TRL3 with more than 15 universities and 10 industrial interested !<BR>
 
−
In 2018, studiez have made progress on the engine and hybrid configuration.<BR>
 
−
<BR>
 
−
<center>
 
−
[[File:Partners_industriels.png|400px|center]]
 
−
[[File:Partners_aca.png|600px|center]]
 
−
</center>
 
−
<BR>
 
  
−
<BR>
+
The development approach anticipates certification logic by considering:
−
Challenge presentation from 2017 edition :
 
−
<BR>
 
−
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgEbw49LUFk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgEbw49LUFk Challenge2017video]<BR>
 
−
<BR>
 
  
 +
* CS-27 small rotorcraft logic;
 +
* SC-VTOL capable aircraft considerations;
 +
* hybrid propulsion compliance topics;
 +
* electric and hybrid propulsion system references;
 +
* EWIS and high-voltage power distribution;
 +
* crashworthiness;
 +
* flight control software and verification;
 +
* requirement compliance matrices.
  
−
== Links ==
+
<!-- ===================================================== -->
−
<BR>
+
<!-- ORGANIZATION AND ROADMAP -->
−
[https://emrax.com/ Emrax electric motors]<BR>
+
<!-- ===================================================== -->
−
<BR>
+
 
−
[https://www.kanardia.eu/ Kanardia navigation equipement]<BR>
+
== Collaborative Organization 2025–2026 ==
−
<BR>
+
 
−
[https://www.st.com/en/evaluation-tools/stm32-nucleo-boards.html STM control cards]<BR>
+
The Mini-Bee project is collaborative by design. Academic and industrial partners contribute to specific work packages.
−
<BR>
+
 
−
[https://www.flyrotax.com/fr/products/915-is-a-isc-a Rtoax 915 piston engine]<BR>
+
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
 +
! style="background:#10263b; color:white;" | Work package
 +
! style="background:#10263b; color:white;" | Main focus
 +
! style="background:#10263b; color:white;" | 2025–2026 orientation
 +
|-
 +
| FCU – 18 rotors
 +
| Stabilization, rotor allocation, STOP mode, degraded modes
 +
| ESTACA Saint-Quentin studies and STM-based prototyping
 +
|-
 +
| Hybrid power chain
 +
| Rotax / EMRAX / rectifier / supercapacitor modeling and tests
 +
| Centrale Lille studies and hybrid generation test bench
 +
|-
 +
| Structure and crashworthiness
 +
| Tubular structure, rotor support, crash resistance
 +
| ESTACA Bordeaux and Lycée Louis Armand studies
 +
|-
 +
| Avionics and HMI
 +
| Displays, joystick, warning logic, Kanardia integration
 +
| ESTACA SQY and Centrale Lille coordination
 +
|-
 +
| Certification framework
 +
| SC-VTOL, CS-27, compliance matrix, test logic
 +
| Progressive structuring toward pre-certification
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
== Roadmap ==
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
 +
! style="background:#10263b; color:white;" | Period
 +
! style="background:#10263b; color:white;" | Target
 +
|-
 +
| 2025–2026
 +
| Detailed design, FCU 18-rotor development, Rotax + Kanardia ground tests, hybrid generation tests
 +
|-
 +
| 2026
 +
| Integrated ground demonstrator with propulsion, FCU and sensors
 +
|-
 +
| 2027
 +
| Tethered flight prototype target
 +
|-
 +
| 2028
 +
| First free-flight demonstrator target
 +
|-
 +
| 2029
 +
| Pre-certification work and SC-VTOL / CS-27 compliance matrix
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
<!-- HISTORY AND ONG -->
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
 
 +
== Project History ==
 +
 
 +
The Mini-Bee project was launched in 2015 to study lightweight personal air transportation and progressively shifted toward medical and humanitarian use cases.
 +
 
 +
Past project stages include:
 +
 
 +
* [[Minibee TRL1]]
 +
* [[Minibee TRL2]]
 +
* [[Minibee TRL3]]
 +
* [[Minibee TRL4]]
 +
 
 +
Earlier presentations and public project milestones:
 +
 
 +
* [[File:20210414 Mini-Bee v10.pdf]]
 +
* [[File:20210407 VTOL et Mini-Bee v2.pdf]]
 +
* [[File:20230418 Mini-Bee v16.pdf]]
 +
* [[File:20240417 Prez Mini Bee ECL.pdf]]
 +
* [[File:20251012 Mini-Bee v24.pdf]]
 +
 
 +
The 2025 reference configuration updates the project around the P2H18 architecture with 18 distributed rotors, Rotax 916 iS hybrid power, two persons on board and LD3 deployment logic.
 +
 
 +
== Relation with RED VTOL ONG ==
  
−
== Project news ==
+
<div style="background:#f7fafc; border:1px solid #dbe7ef; border-radius:22px; padding:24px; margin:18px 0 24px 0;">
 +
  <p style="margin-top:0; color:#243447;">
 +
    RED VTOL ONG gives the project a strong humanitarian orientation. The Mini-Bee aircraft concept is studied as a tool for missions where time, access and practical deployment are central.
 +
  </p>
 +
  <ul style="margin-bottom:0;">
 +
    <li>reach difficult areas faster;</li>
 +
    <li>transport useful payloads or one additional person;</li>
 +
    <li>support medical intervention;</li>
 +
    <li>reduce dependency on runway infrastructure;</li>
 +
    <li>remain more deployable than a conventional helicopter;</li>
 +
    <li>provide a practical bridge between humanitarian constraints and VTOL technology.</li>
 +
  </ul>
 +
</div>
  
−
Enhancing the project's collaborative essence, the Mini-Bee initiative leverages a multifaceted supply chain ecosystem. Through Technoplane SAS's coordinator management, we sync real-time data analytics and project milestones with our academic and industry partners. This agile methodology, underpinned by a Lesser Open Source License, ensures a seamless exchange of intellectual property and rapid adaptability to market demands. Besides, the project has a well-defined roadmap to transition from TRL4 to higher levels, prioritizing R&D investments in VTOL technologies and safety systems. With ISO-certified process compliance, our end-to-end supply chain aims for the highest levels of efficiency, ensuring the delivery of a state-of-the-art hybrid VTOL multicopter for medical applications.
+
See also:
  
 +
* [[RED VTOL ONG]]
  
−
== Advancing Medical Transport with Mini-Bee TRL4 in 2023 ==
+
<!-- ===================================================== -->
 +
<!-- LIMITATIONS, LINKS, SUMMARY -->
 +
<!-- ===================================================== -->
  
−
The Mini-Bee project, now at TRL4 in 2023, represents a significant step forward in the realm of medical transportation. With its hybrid Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) multicopter configuration, Mini-Bee is poised to revolutionize the way we approach medical emergencies and logistics.
+
== Current Limitations ==
  
−
Aircraft Features
+
<div style="background:#f7f9fb; border:1px solid #d9e3ea; border-left:6px solid #6f8796; border-radius:22px; padding:24px; margin:18px 0 24px 0;">
−
At its core, Mini-Bee boasts a cutting-edge propulsion system. With a single Rotax 915is engine, combined with two Emrax 228 twin hexaphase high-voltage motors, the aircraft achieves a remarkable balance between power and efficiency. This setup allows for swift vertical takeoffs and landings, making it ideal for urban medical transport scenarios.
+
  <strong>Mini-Bee is still in demonstrator stage.</strong>
 +
  <ul style="margin-bottom:0;">
 +
    <li>no certified operational aircraft yet;</li>
 +
    <li>propulsion and FCU integration still under validation;</li>
 +
    <li>structural design and crashworthiness studies still in progress;</li>
 +
    <li>flight envelope not finalized;</li>
 +
    <li>certification basis and means of compliance still under construction;</li>
 +
    <li>mission use cases must remain demonstrator-level until validation.</li>
 +
  </ul>
 +
</div>
  
−
Redressor and Superconductor
+
== Links ==
−
The inclusion of a redressor and superconductor enhances power regulation and overall efficiency. These components work in tandem to optimize the electric motors' performance, ensuring reliable and energy-efficient operation.
 
  
−
Safety First
+
* [https://www.mini-bee.com/ Mini-Bee website]
−
Safety is paramount in the Mini-Bee design. The aircraft features three wheels for stability during takeoff and landing, two seats to ensure passenger comfort and security, and a parachute for emergency situations. Moreover, the aircraft is piloted by two individuals, reinforcing its commitment to safety and reliability.
+
* [https://wiki.collaborativebee.com/ Collaborative Bee Wiki]
 +
* [http://www.bee-license.com/ Lesser Open Bee License 1.3]
 +
* [https://emrax.com/ EMRAX electric motors]
 +
* [https://www.flyrotax.com/ Rotax aircraft engines]
 +
* [https://www.kanardia.eu/ Kanardia avionics]
 +
* [https://www.st.com/en/evaluation-tools/stm32-nucleo-boards.html STM32 Nucleo boards]
  
−
Collaboration and Open Source License
+
== Summary ==
−
The Mini-Bee project is a shining example of collaboration. Spearheaded by Technoplane SAS, it brings together academics, individuals, and industries under a dedicated Lesser Open Source License. This license enables the public sharing of project works on a wiki, fostering a transparent and inclusive environment for innovation. Private tasks and products covered by other licenses or intellectual property rights are seamlessly integrated into the project, promoting a harmonious exchange of ideas and technologies.
 
  
−
A Bright Future
+
<div style="background:linear-gradient(135deg,#10263b,#1f4058); color:white; border-radius:26px; padding:30px; margin:20px 0 0 0; box-shadow:0 16px 40px rgba(15,23,42,0.18);">
−
As Mini-Bee progresses from TRL4, it paves the way for a brighter future in medical transportation. Its efficient propulsion, safety features, and collaborative spirit hold the promise of transforming how we approach medical emergencies and logistics. Stay tuned for further developments as Mini-Bee continues its journey toward higher TRL levels and making a significant impact in the field of medical aviation.
+
  <p style="font-size:19px; margin-top:0; color:#e4edf4;">
 +
    Mini-Bee is a TRL4 collaborative hybrid VTOL demonstrator designed around urgent humanitarian missions.
 +
  </p>
 +
  <div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:12px; margin-top:20px;">
 +
    <div style="background:rgba(255,255,255,0.09); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14); border-radius:16px; padding:16px;">18 distributed rotors</div>
 +
    <div style="background:rgba(255,255,255,0.09); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14); border-radius:16px; padding:16px;">Rotax 916 iS hybrid propulsion</div>
 +
    <div style="background:rgba(255,255,255,0.09); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14); border-radius:16px; padding:16px;">EMRAX 208 electric machines</div>
 +
    <div style="background:rgba(255,255,255,0.09); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14); border-radius:16px; padding:16px;">Supercapacitor support</div>
 +
    <div style="background:rgba(255,255,255,0.09); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14); border-radius:16px; padding:16px;">Two persons on board</div>
 +
    <div style="background:rgba(255,255,255,0.09); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14); border-radius:16px; padding:16px;">450 km target range</div>
 +
    <div style="background:rgba(255,255,255,0.09); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14); border-radius:16px; padding:16px;">160 km/h cruise speed</div>
 +
    <div style="background:rgba(255,255,255,0.09); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14); border-radius:16px; padding:16px;">LD3 modular deployment</div>
 +
  </div>
 +
  <p style="margin-bottom:0; margin-top:20px; color:#d6e1ea;">
 +
    The project continues toward an integrated ground demonstrator, tethered flight testing, free-flight demonstration and progressive pre-certification work.
 +
  </p>
 +
</div>
  
−
[[Category:MiniBee]]
+
</div>
−
[[Category:TRL3]]
 

Latest revision as of 10:44, 30 April 2026




TRL4 demonstrator · Hybrid VTOL · Humanitarian aviation

Mini-Bee Hybrid VTOL

A collaborative hybrid VTOL multicopter concept designed for urgent humanitarian missions, light air ambulance operations, emergency logistics and rapid field deployment without runway dependency.

Mini-Bee Hybrid VTOL – humanitarian mission concept
18
distributed rotors
450 km
target range
160 km/h
cruise speed
700 kg
MTOW target


Mini-Bee is a collaborative hybrid VTOL multicopter project coordinated by Technoplane SAS under the Lesser Open Bee License 1.3.

The current reference configuration is the Mini-Bee P2H18: a two-seat hybrid VTOL multicopter using 18 distributed rotors, a Rotax 916 iS thermal engine, twin EMRAX 208 high-voltage electric machines, supercapacitor support and computerized flight control.

Current maturity level: TRL4 – demonstrator stage.


Project Vision

Mini-Bee is not only a VTOL technology demonstrator. It is designed around a mission need: reaching people and equipment in difficult environments where conventional ground access is slow, damaged or unavailable.

Medical response

Rapid access for a pilot, doctor, operator or stabilized passenger in areas where ground routes are disrupted.

Field deployment

A modular logistics concept based on LD3 air cargo containers and controlled assembly near the mission area.

Lower complexity

A practical VTOL demonstrator intended to reduce deployment complexity compared with conventional helicopter logistics.

The project follows an open-innovation approach where academics, industrial partners, independent contributors and humanitarian stakeholders can contribute to the development of a practical VTOL platform.


Reference Configuration – Mini-Bee P2H18

Mini-Bee P2H18 reference configuration
Parameter Current reference value
Aircraft type Hybrid VTOL multicopter
Configuration P2H18 – 2 persons on board, 18 rotors
Capacity 1 pilot + 1 passenger or medical operator
Propulsion Rotax 916 iS + 2 × EMRAX 208 HV CC
Lift system 18 distributed vertical-lift rotors
Cruise speed 160 km/h target
Target range 450 km
Cruise power 100 kW target
MTOW 700 kg target
Safety approach Rotor redundancy, ballistic parachute, emergency beacon, computerized flight control
Deployment Modular packing into LD3 containers
Maturity TRL4 – demonstrator stage


Visual Overview

The following visual library is prepared for the official Mini-Bee image set. The aircraft configuration must remain unchanged: white Mini-Bee fuselage, homogeneous hexagonal upper rotor structure, symmetrical metallic tubular arms, triangulated structure connected to the central hub, and exactly 18 rotors with 18 visible propellers.

  • Hero view – humanitarian VTOL concept

  • Reference product view – P2H18

  • Hybrid technical architecture

  • Light air ambulance mission

  • Disaster relief mission

  • Remote access mission

  • Emergency energy support

  • LD3 modular deployment

  • Cockpit, HMI and avionics

  • Tarmac assembly


Mission Logic First

The Mini-Bee project follows a mission-first design logic. The aim is not to reproduce an air taxi concept, but to study a practical aircraft for humanitarian and emergency operations.

The aircraft is intended for situations where:

  • roads are damaged, slow or unavailable;
  • a conventional helicopter is too costly or difficult to deploy;
  • a runway is not available;
  • rapid access is more important than high cruise speed;
  • one pilot and one passenger/operator are sufficient;
  • compact logistics and field assembly are essential.
Mission design principle
Reach the mission area first.

Mini-Bee prioritizes practical access, deployability and emergency usefulness over luxury mobility or high-speed transport.


Core Humanitarian Missions

Mini-Bee light air ambulance mission

Light Air Ambulance

Mini-Bee is primarily studied as a light air ambulance and medical response platform.

  • transport of a doctor or medical operator;
  • access to isolated clinics or mountain areas;
  • evacuation of a stabilized patient;
  • delivery of medical supplies to remote sites.
Mini-Bee disaster relief mission

Disaster Relief

In disaster zones, the first operational difficulty is often access.

  • rapid reconnaissance;
  • delivery of urgent supplies;
  • transport of a field operator;
  • support after road or bridge damage.
Mini-Bee remote access mission

Remote Access

Remote areas require aircraft that can operate without a runway.

  • isolated medical sites;
  • mountain rescue support;
  • island-to-island emergency transport;
  • temporary field operations.
Mini-Bee emergency energy support mission

Emergency Energy Support

The hybrid architecture is also studied for emergency power support.

  • emergency electrical generation;
  • crisis-site power support;
  • mobile energy buffer using supercapacitors;
  • support to temporary medical units.


Why Hybrid Propulsion Matters

A fully electric multicopter can be attractive for short missions, but humanitarian operations often face limited charging infrastructure, uncertain logistics and longer-distance access needs.

Mini-Bee therefore studies a hybrid architecture intended to combine the endurance and practicality of thermal energy with the controllability and redundancy of distributed electric lift.

Hybrid Technical Architecture

Mini-Bee hybrid technical architecture
Fuel
Rotax 916 iS
EMRAX
Rectifiers
DC bus
ESCs
18 rotors
Subsystem Role
Rotax 916 iS Thermal power source for hybrid generation
EMRAX 208 HV CC Electric machines used in the hybrid power chain
Rectifiers Conversion toward high-voltage DC distribution
Supercapacitors Buffer for transient power demands and emergency support
ESC / power controllers Individual rotor control and thrust distribution
18 rotors Distributed vertical lift and redundancy studies
FCU Stabilization, flight control, degraded modes and safety logic


Flight Control Unit and Stabilization

Why a dedicated FCU is needed

Mini-Bee is neither a conventional helicopter nor a battery-only multicopter. The FCU must manage distributed lift, hybrid power behavior, assisted control and degraded modes.

  • vertical take-off and landing;
  • hover stabilization;
  • pitch, roll and yaw control;
  • power distribution across 18 rotors;
  • STOP mode and emergency logic;
  • telemetry and flight data recording.

Current prototyping direction

The current prototyping approach is based on STM32 / Nucleo components and inertial/environmental sensors.

  • accelerometers and gyroscopes;
  • magnetometer;
  • barometric pressure sensor;
  • GPS or positioning input;
  • power and rotor monitoring.


Cockpit, HMI and Avionics

Mini-Bee cockpit and avionics concept

The cockpit concept is designed around simplified assisted flight control.

  • one pilot on board;
  • joystick-based control;
  • sport / assisted mode logic;
  • emergency beacon;
  • Kanardia EMSIS / DAQu equipment studies;
  • clear warning and alarm logic;
  • computerized flight assistance.
Important status

The aircraft remains a demonstrator. The final cockpit configuration must be validated through HMI studies, simulation, ground tests and future certification-oriented reviews.


Modular Deployment with LD3 Containers

Mini-Bee LD3 modular deployment

A major operational goal of Mini-Bee is rapid deployment through standard air cargo logistics.

Module Content
LD3 – Cockpit Main cabin, seats, avionics and central structure
LD3 – Tubes Tubular frame, structural arms and assembly elements
LD3 – Blades / Rotors Rotor elements, blades and mission equipment

Tarmac Assembly

Mini-Bee tarmac assembly
  1. Air transport by civil cargo aircraft.
  2. Unloading of LD3 modules.
  3. Controlled assembly on tarmac.
  4. Ground checks.
  5. Propulsion and FCU validation.
  6. Mission preparation close to the intervention area.


Safety Philosophy

Distributed lift
18 rotors for redundancy studies and thrust allocation.
Emergency recovery
Ballistic parachute, emergency beacon and degraded modes.
Occupant protection
Anti-crash seats and structure as central design topics.

A single-engine hybrid multicopter does not follow the same safety logic as a conventional helicopter. For this reason, emergency descent, parachute recovery and rotor redundancy are central design topics.

Certification-Oriented Development

Mini-Bee certification roadmap

Mini-Bee is currently a TRL4 demonstrator. It is not presented as a certified operational aircraft.

The development approach anticipates certification logic by considering:

  • CS-27 small rotorcraft logic;
  • SC-VTOL capable aircraft considerations;
  • hybrid propulsion compliance topics;
  • electric and hybrid propulsion system references;
  • EWIS and high-voltage power distribution;
  • crashworthiness;
  • flight control software and verification;
  • requirement compliance matrices.


Collaborative Organization 2025–2026

The Mini-Bee project is collaborative by design. Academic and industrial partners contribute to specific work packages.

Work package Main focus 2025–2026 orientation
FCU – 18 rotors Stabilization, rotor allocation, STOP mode, degraded modes ESTACA Saint-Quentin studies and STM-based prototyping
Hybrid power chain Rotax / EMRAX / rectifier / supercapacitor modeling and tests Centrale Lille studies and hybrid generation test bench
Structure and crashworthiness Tubular structure, rotor support, crash resistance ESTACA Bordeaux and Lycée Louis Armand studies
Avionics and HMI Displays, joystick, warning logic, Kanardia integration ESTACA SQY and Centrale Lille coordination
Certification framework SC-VTOL, CS-27, compliance matrix, test logic Progressive structuring toward pre-certification

Roadmap

Period Target
2025–2026 Detailed design, FCU 18-rotor development, Rotax + Kanardia ground tests, hybrid generation tests
2026 Integrated ground demonstrator with propulsion, FCU and sensors
2027 Tethered flight prototype target
2028 First free-flight demonstrator target
2029 Pre-certification work and SC-VTOL / CS-27 compliance matrix


Project History

The Mini-Bee project was launched in 2015 to study lightweight personal air transportation and progressively shifted toward medical and humanitarian use cases.

Past project stages include:

Earlier presentations and public project milestones:

The 2025 reference configuration updates the project around the P2H18 architecture with 18 distributed rotors, Rotax 916 iS hybrid power, two persons on board and LD3 deployment logic.

Relation with RED VTOL ONG

RED VTOL ONG gives the project a strong humanitarian orientation. The Mini-Bee aircraft concept is studied as a tool for missions where time, access and practical deployment are central.

  • reach difficult areas faster;
  • transport useful payloads or one additional person;
  • support medical intervention;
  • reduce dependency on runway infrastructure;
  • remain more deployable than a conventional helicopter;
  • provide a practical bridge between humanitarian constraints and VTOL technology.

See also:


Current Limitations

 Mini-Bee is still in demonstrator stage.
  • no certified operational aircraft yet;
  • propulsion and FCU integration still under validation;
  • structural design and crashworthiness studies still in progress;
  • flight envelope not finalized;
  • certification basis and means of compliance still under construction;
  • mission use cases must remain demonstrator-level until validation.

Links

Summary

Mini-Bee is a TRL4 collaborative hybrid VTOL demonstrator designed around urgent humanitarian missions.

18 distributed rotors
Rotax 916 iS hybrid propulsion
EMRAX 208 electric machines
Supercapacitor support
Two persons on board
450 km target range
160 km/h cruise speed
LD3 modular deployment

The project continues toward an integrated ground demonstrator, tethered flight testing, free-flight demonstration and progressive pre-certification work.

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