Difference between revisions of "TRL1"

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Technology Readiness Level 1 (TRL 1)}}
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:TRL 1 – Basic Principles Observed}}
  
__TOC__
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__NOTOC__
  
<div style="border:1px solid #b7d4ea; background:#f5fbff; padding:16px; border-radius:10px; margin-bottom:18px;">
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<div style="background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0b3d5c,#1679a8); color:white; padding:28px; border-radius:16px; margin-bottom:22px; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);">
<span style="font-size:180%; font-weight:bold;">Technology Readiness Level 1 Basic Principles Observed</span><br />
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  <div style="font-size:260%; font-weight:700; line-height:1.1;">Technology Readiness Level 1</div>
<span style="font-size:110%;">A common reference page for the first maturity step of the Collaborative Bee projects.</span>
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  <div style="font-size:135%; margin-top:8px;">Basic Principles Observed</div>
 +
  <div style="font-size:105%; margin-top:16px; max-width:900px;">
 +
    TRL 1 is the starting point of an innovation journey: the moment when scientific principles, first observations and early ideas become structured enough to open a technology project.
 +
  </div>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin-bottom:18px;"
+
<div style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:14px; margin-bottom:24px;">
|-
+
 
! style="width:25%; background:#e8f3ff;" | TRL Level
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  <div style="flex:1; min-width:220px; background:#f5fbff; border:1px solid #c8e2f3; border-radius:12px; padding:16px;">
| '''TRL 1'''
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    <div style="font-size:140%; font-weight:bold; color:#0b5c84;">Purpose</div>
|-
+
    <div style="margin-top:8px;">
! style="background:#e8f3ff;" | Name
+
      Explain what TRL 1 means and provide a shared entry point for the first maturity stage of the Collaborative Bee projects.
| '''Basic principles observed'''
+
    </div>
|-
+
  </div>
! style="background:#e8f3ff;" | Project phase
 
| Scientific observation, first ideas, early conceptual exploration
 
|-
 
! style="background:#e8f3ff;" | Expected output
 
| Initial concept notes, scientific principles, early assumptions, first technical questions
 
|-
 
! style="background:#e8f3ff;" | Not yet expected
 
| Prototype, detailed design, validated architecture, certification evidence, operational demonstration
 
|}
 
  
== Purpose of this page ==
+
  <div style="flex:1; min-width:220px; background:#fffaf0; border:1px solid #f0d39a; border-radius:12px; padding:16px;">
 +
    <div style="font-size:140%; font-weight:bold; color:#9a6500;">Main idea</div>
 +
    <div style="margin-top:8px;">
 +
      At TRL 1, the technology is not yet designed or validated. The goal is to identify the basic principles that may support a future concept.
 +
    </div>
 +
  </div>
  
This page explains what '''Technology Readiness Levels''' are, with a specific focus on '''TRL 1'''.
+
  <div style="flex:1; min-width:220px; background:#f7fff7; border:1px solid #b9ddb9; border-radius:12px; padding:16px;">
 +
    <div style="font-size:140%; font-weight:bold; color:#2f7a2f;">Next step</div>
 +
    <div style="margin-top:8px;">
 +
      When the first principles are clear, the project can move toward TRL 2: technology concept formulated.
 +
    </div>
 +
  </div>
  
It is intended to be used as a common entry point before accessing the project-specific TRL 1 pages for:
+
</div>
  
* [[TRL1 Mini-Bee|TRL 1 – Mini-Bee]]
+
== Project TRL 1 pages ==
* [[TRL1 Bee Plane|TRL 1 – Bee Plane]]
 
* [[TRL1 Iso-Plane|TRL 1 – Iso-Plane]]
 
  
The objective is to keep a shared understanding of maturity levels across the different Collaborative Bee projects.
+
<div style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:16px; margin:18px 0 28px 0;">
  
== What are Technology Readiness Levels? ==
+
  <div style="flex:1; min-width:240px; border:1px solid #d8d8d8; border-radius:14px; padding:18px; background:#ffffff; box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);">
 +
    <div style="font-size:160%; font-weight:bold; color:#0b5c84;">Mini-Bee</div>
 +
    <div style="margin-top:8px; min-height:70px;">
 +
      Hybrid VTOL multicopter concept for humanitarian, emergency and light air ambulance missions.
 +
    </div>
 +
    <div style="margin-top:14px;">
 +
      <span style="background:#e8f3ff; padding:6px 10px; border-radius:20px;">[[TRL1 Mini-Bee|Open TRL 1 page]]</span>
 +
    </div>
 +
  </div>
  
'''Technology Readiness Levels''' — usually called '''TRLs''' — are a scale used to describe the maturity of a technology, from the earliest scientific observation to a fully operational system.
+
  <div style="flex:1; min-width:240px; border:1px solid #d8d8d8; border-radius:14px; padding:18px; background:#ffffff; box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);">
 +
    <div style="font-size:160%; font-weight:bold; color:#8a5a00;">Bee Plane</div>
 +
    <div style="margin-top:8px; min-height:70px;">
 +
      Aircraft concept exploring new principles for transport, efficiency and collaborative aviation development.
 +
    </div>
 +
    <div style="margin-top:14px;">
 +
      <span style="background:#fff1d6; padding:6px 10px; border-radius:20px;">[[TRL1 Bee Plane|Open TRL 1 page]]</span>
 +
    </div>
 +
  </div>
  
The TRL scale helps project teams, academic partners, industrial contributors and decision-makers answer a simple question:
+
  <div style="flex:1; min-width:240px; border:1px solid #d8d8d8; border-radius:14px; padding:18px; background:#ffffff; box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);">
 +
    <div style="font-size:160%; font-weight:bold; color:#2f7a2f;">Iso-Plane</div>
 +
    <div style="margin-top:8px; min-height:70px;">
 +
      Early aircraft concept focused on first physical principles, possible use cases and technical assumptions.
 +
    </div>
 +
    <div style="margin-top:14px;">
 +
      <span style="background:#e9f8e9; padding:6px 10px; border-radius:20px;">[[TRL1 Iso-Plane|Open TRL 1 page]]</span>
 +
    </div>
 +
  </div>
  
<div style="border-left:5px solid #2f80c0; background:#f7fbff; padding:12px; margin:14px 0;">
 
'''How mature is this technology, and what evidence supports this maturity level?'''
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
TRLs are not only a planning tool. They also help structure:
+
== What are Technology Readiness Levels? ==
 +
 
 +
'''Technology Readiness Levels''' — or '''TRLs''' — are a maturity scale used to describe how far a technology has progressed.
  
* research activities;
+
They help a project team understand whether an idea is still a scientific observation, a concept, a prototype, a validated system, or an operational product.
* technical documentation;
 
* prototype development;
 
* testing strategy;
 
* risk analysis;
 
* certification preparation;
 
* project reviews.
 
  
== Overview of the TRL scale ==
+
<div style="border-left:6px solid #1679a8; background:#f5fbff; padding:14px 18px; margin:18px 0; border-radius:8px;">
 +
'''Simple question behind TRLs:''' how mature is the technology, and what evidence do we have to prove it?
 +
</div>
  
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:left;"
+
== TRL scale overview ==
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse;"
 
|-
 
|-
! style="width:12%; background:#eef6ff;" | TRL
+
! style="width:10%; background:#0b5c84; color:white;" | Level
! style="width:28%; background:#eef6ff;" | Typical meaning
+
! style="width:28%; background:#0b5c84; color:white;" | Name
! style="background:#eef6ff;" | General interpretation
+
! style="background:#0b5c84; color:white;" | Meaning
 
|-
 
|-
| '''TRL 1'''
+
| style="font-weight:bold; background:#e8f3ff;" | TRL 1
| Basic principles observed
+
| '''Basic principles observed'''
| Scientific principles are identified. The idea is still at the observation and concept level.
+
| Scientific principles are identified. The idea is at the earliest stage.
 
|-
 
|-
| '''TRL 2'''
+
| style="font-weight:bold;" | TRL 2
 
| Technology concept formulated
 
| Technology concept formulated
| A possible application is described and a first concept is proposed.
+
| A possible application is described.
 
|-
 
|-
| '''TRL 3'''
+
| style="font-weight:bold;" | TRL 3
 
| Experimental proof of concept
 
| Experimental proof of concept
 
| First analytical or experimental evidence supports the concept.
 
| First analytical or experimental evidence supports the concept.
 
|-
 
|-
| '''TRL 4'''
+
| style="font-weight:bold;" | TRL 4
 
| Technology validated in laboratory
 
| Technology validated in laboratory
 
| Key functions are tested in a controlled environment.
 
| Key functions are tested in a controlled environment.
 
|-
 
|-
| '''TRL 5'''
+
| style="font-weight:bold;" | TRL 5
 
| Technology validated in relevant environment
 
| Technology validated in relevant environment
 
| The technology is tested in conditions closer to real use.
 
| The technology is tested in conditions closer to real use.
 
|-
 
|-
| '''TRL 6'''
+
| style="font-weight:bold;" | TRL 6
 
| Technology demonstrated in relevant environment
 
| Technology demonstrated in relevant environment
| A representative model or prototype demonstrates the main functions.
+
| A representative prototype demonstrates the main functions.
 
|-
 
|-
| '''TRL 7'''
+
| style="font-weight:bold;" | TRL 7
| System prototype demonstrated in operational environment
+
| Prototype demonstrated in operational environment
 
| A prototype is tested in realistic operational conditions.
 
| A prototype is tested in realistic operational conditions.
 
|-
 
|-
| '''TRL 8'''
+
| style="font-weight:bold;" | TRL 8
 
| System complete and qualified
 
| System complete and qualified
| The system is completed, tested and qualified for its intended use.
+
| The system is completed, tested and qualified.
 
|-
 
|-
| '''TRL 9'''
+
| style="font-weight:bold;" | TRL 9
| Actual system proven in operational use
+
| System proven in operational use
 
| The technology is fully operational and used in real missions.
 
| The technology is fully operational and used in real missions.
 
|}
 
|}
  
== Definition of TRL 1 ==
+
== Focus on TRL 1 ==
  
'''TRL 1 is the first level of technological maturity.''' 
+
<div style="background:#fafafa; border:1px solid #ddd; border-radius:14px; padding:18px; margin:18px 0;">
 +
<div style="font-size:150%; font-weight:bold; color:#0b5c84;">TRL 1 means: the journey begins.</div>
  
At this stage, the project team observes and identifies basic scientific or technical principles that may support a future technology.
+
At this stage, the project team observes a principle, identifies a possible opportunity and starts collecting the first technical questions.
  
TRL 1 does '''not''' mean that a product exists.
+
TRL 1 is not a prototype stage. It is not a validation stage. It is the moment where the first foundations are written clearly enough to open a structured project.
It does '''not''' mean that an architecture is frozen.
+
</div>
It does '''not''' mean that the technology is already feasible, safe or certifiable.
 
  
TRL 1 means that the first foundations have been identified and that a technical exploration can begin.
+
== What happens at TRL 1? ==
  
== What TRL 1 means in practice ==
+
{| style="width:100%; border-spacing:12px; border-collapse:separate;"
 +
|-
 +
| style="width:33%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5fbff; border:1px solid #c8e2f3; border-radius:12px; padding:14px;" |
 +
'''1. Observe'''
  
At TRL 1, the work is mainly exploratory. The project team may:
+
Identify scientific, physical, technical or operational principles that may support a future technology.
  
* identify a need or mission;
+
| style="width:33%; vertical-align:top; background:#fffaf0; border:1px solid #f0d39a; border-radius:12px; padding:14px;" |
* observe physical, aerodynamic, mechanical, electrical or operational principles;
+
'''2. Question'''
* collect scientific references;
 
* compare existing technologies;
 
* formulate early technical questions;
 
* identify possible benefits and limitations;
 
* open the first project documentation page.
 
  
At this level, uncertainty is normal. The goal is not to prove the solution, but to define the knowledge base from which the concept can grow.
+
List the first unknowns, assumptions, risks and possible limitations.
 +
 
 +
| style="width:33%; vertical-align:top; background:#f7fff7; border:1px solid #b9ddb9; border-radius:12px; padding:14px;" |
 +
'''3. Structure'''
 +
 
 +
Create the first project page, organize the reasoning and prepare the transition toward TRL 2.
 +
|}
  
 
== Typical TRL 1 deliverables ==
 
== Typical TRL 1 deliverables ==
Line 133: Line 161:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
 
|-
 
|-
! style="width:30%; background:#eef6ff;" | Deliverable
+
! style="width:28%; background:#eef6ff;" | Deliverable
 
! style="background:#eef6ff;" | Description
 
! style="background:#eef6ff;" | Description
 
|-
 
|-
| Mission statement
+
| '''Mission or need statement'''
| First description of the need, use case or problem to solve.
+
| First explanation of the problem, mission or opportunity.
 
|-
 
|-
| Basic principles note
+
| '''Basic principles note'''
| Identification of the physical, technical or scientific principles that may support the idea.
+
| Short description of the scientific or technical principles observed.
 
|-
 
|-
| Initial bibliography
+
| '''Initial assumptions'''
| First list of references, comparable projects, existing technologies or scientific sources.
+
| Early assumptions about mass, energy, structure, operation, mission or environment.
 
|-
 
|-
| Concept assumptions
+
| '''Comparable references'''
| Early assumptions about mass, energy, structure, flight mode, deployment or operation.
+
| First list of existing technologies, projects, papers or systems that may inspire the concept.
 
|-
 
|-
| Open questions list
+
| '''Open questions'''
| Main unknowns that must be studied before moving to TRL 2.
+
| Questions that must be answered before moving to TRL 2.
 
|-
 
|-
| First risk list
+
| '''First risk list'''
| Early identification of technical, operational, safety or regulatory risks.
+
| Early technical, operational, safety or regulatory risks.
 
|}
 
|}
  
== What is not required at TRL 1 ==
+
== What is not expected at TRL 1? ==
 +
 
 +
<div style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:12px; margin:16px 0;">
 +
 
 +
  <div style="flex:1; min-width:200px; background:#fff5f5; border:1px solid #e5b7b7; border-radius:12px; padding:12px;">
 +
    No prototype required
 +
  </div>
 +
 
 +
  <div style="flex:1; min-width:200px; background:#fff5f5; border:1px solid #e5b7b7; border-radius:12px; padding:12px;">
 +
    No final architecture required
 +
  </div>
  
At TRL 1, the following elements are usually '''not yet required''':
+
  <div style="flex:1; min-width:200px; background:#fff5f5; border:1px solid #e5b7b7; border-radius:12px; padding:12px;">
 +
    No certification evidence required
 +
  </div>
  
* detailed engineering drawings;
+
  <div style="flex:1; min-width:200px; background:#fff5f5; border:1px solid #e5b7b7; border-radius:12px; padding:12px;">
* complete system architecture;
+
    No detailed industrial plan required
* prototype;
+
  </div>
* simulation model;
 
* laboratory validation;
 
* supplier selection;
 
* certification compliance matrix;
 
* operational procedure;
 
* costed industrial plan.
 
  
These elements usually appear at later TRL stages.
+
</div>
  
 
== TRL 1 exit criteria ==
 
== TRL 1 exit criteria ==
  
A project may be considered ready to move from '''TRL 1''' to '''TRL 2''' when:
+
A project can normally move from '''TRL 1''' to '''TRL 2''' when the following points are clear enough:
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
 
|-
 
|-
! style="width:8%; background:#eef6ff;" | #
+
! style="width:8%; background:#0b5c84; color:white;" | #
! style="background:#eef6ff;" | Exit criterion
+
! style="background:#0b5c84; color:white;" | Criterion
! style="width:20%; background:#eef6ff;" | Status
+
! style="width:18%; background:#0b5c84; color:white;" | Status
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1
 
| 1
| The basic scientific or technical principles have been identified.
+
| The basic principles have been identified.
 
| To be assessed
 
| To be assessed
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2
 
| 2
| A potential application has been described.
+
| A possible application has been described.
 
| To be assessed
 
| To be assessed
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 3
 
| 3
| The main assumptions and uncertainties have been listed.
+
| The main assumptions are listed.
 
| To be assessed
 
| To be assessed
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 4
 
| 4
| Comparable existing technologies or references have been identified.
+
| The main unknowns and risks are documented.
 
| To be assessed
 
| To be assessed
 
|-
 
|-
Line 202: Line 236:
 
|}
 
|}
  
== Project-specific TRL 1 pages ==
+
== Suggested structure for each project TRL 1 page ==
  
The following pages apply the TRL 1 logic to each project.
+
<div style="background:#f5fbff; border:1px solid #c8e2f3; border-radius:12px; padding:16px; margin:18px 0;">
  
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
+
Each project-specific TRL 1 page should preferably follow this structure:
|-
 
! style="width:25%; background:#e8f3ff;" | Project
 
! style="width:25%; background:#e8f3ff;" | TRL 1 page
 
! style="background:#e8f3ff;" | Purpose
 
|-
 
| '''Mini-Bee'''
 
| [[TRL1 Mini-Bee|Open TRL 1 – Mini-Bee]]
 
| Early principles behind a hybrid VTOL multicopter for humanitarian and medical missions.
 
|-
 
| '''Bee Plane'''
 
| [[TRL1 Bee Plane|Open TRL 1 – Bee Plane]]
 
| Early principles behind the Bee Plane concept and its possible mission applications.
 
|-
 
| '''Iso-Plane'''
 
| [[TRL1 Iso-Plane|Open TRL 1 – Iso-Plane]]
 
| Early principles behind the Iso-Plane concept and its initial technical assumptions.
 
|}
 
 
 
== Recommended structure for each TRL 1 project page ==
 
 
 
Each project-specific TRL 1 page should preferably follow the same structure:
 
  
 
# Mission or need
 
# Mission or need
Line 238: Line 251:
 
# Questions to solve before TRL 2
 
# Questions to solve before TRL 2
 
# Contributors and references
 
# Contributors and references
 +
 +
</div>
  
 
== Summary ==
 
== Summary ==
  
TRL 1 is the starting point of a technology project.
+
'''TRL 1 is the foundation stage.'''
  
It is the moment where the idea is still at the level of scientific observation and early reasoning.   
+
It transforms an intuition into a documented starting point. 
The purpose is to create a clear foundation before formulating a structured technology concept at TRL 2.
+
It does not prove that the technology works yet.   
 +
It simply gives the project a clear first base for future concept work, technical studies and collaboration.
  
<div style="border:1px solid #d8d8d8; background:#fafafa; padding:12px; border-radius:8px; margin-top:18px;">
+
<div style="background:linear-gradient(135deg,#f5fbff,#ffffff); border:1px solid #c8e2f3; border-radius:14px; padding:18px; margin-top:24px;">
'''Next step:''' once the basic principles are documented, each project can move toward '''TRL 2 – Technology concept formulated'''.
+
<div style="font-size:140%; font-weight:bold; color:#0b5c84;">Next maturity step</div>
 +
<div style="margin-top:8px;">
 +
After TRL 1, the project may move toward '''TRL 2 – Technology Concept Formulated''', where the first concept is described and linked to a potential application.
 +
</div>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Line 257: Line 276:
 
* [[Technology Readiness Levels]]
 
* [[Technology Readiness Levels]]
 
* [[Collaborative Bee Projects]]
 
* [[Collaborative Bee Projects]]
 
== Categories ==
 
  
 
[[Category:Technology Readiness Levels]]
 
[[Category:Technology Readiness Levels]]
 +
[[Category:TRL 1]]
 +
[[Category:Collaborative Bee]]
 
[[Category:Project Management]]
 
[[Category:Project Management]]
[[Category:Collaborative Bee]]
 
[[Category:TRL 1]]
 

Revision as of 12:07, 6 May 2026



Technology Readiness Level 1
Basic Principles Observed
   TRL 1 is the starting point of an innovation journey: the moment when scientific principles, first observations and early ideas become structured enough to open a technology project.
Purpose
     Explain what TRL 1 means and provide a shared entry point for the first maturity stage of the Collaborative Bee projects.
Main idea
     At TRL 1, the technology is not yet designed or validated. The goal is to identify the basic principles that may support a future concept.
Next step
     When the first principles are clear, the project can move toward TRL 2: technology concept formulated.

Project TRL 1 pages

Mini-Bee
     Hybrid VTOL multicopter concept for humanitarian, emergency and light air ambulance missions.
Bee Plane
     Aircraft concept exploring new principles for transport, efficiency and collaborative aviation development.
Iso-Plane
     Early aircraft concept focused on first physical principles, possible use cases and technical assumptions.

What are Technology Readiness Levels?

Technology Readiness Levels — or TRLs — are a maturity scale used to describe how far a technology has progressed.

They help a project team understand whether an idea is still a scientific observation, a concept, a prototype, a validated system, or an operational product.

Simple question behind TRLs: how mature is the technology, and what evidence do we have to prove it?

TRL scale overview

Level Name Meaning
TRL 1 Basic principles observed Scientific principles are identified. The idea is at the earliest stage.
TRL 2 Technology concept formulated A possible application is described.
TRL 3 Experimental proof of concept First analytical or experimental evidence supports the concept.
TRL 4 Technology validated in laboratory Key functions are tested in a controlled environment.
TRL 5 Technology validated in relevant environment The technology is tested in conditions closer to real use.
TRL 6 Technology demonstrated in relevant environment A representative prototype demonstrates the main functions.
TRL 7 Prototype demonstrated in operational environment A prototype is tested in realistic operational conditions.
TRL 8 System complete and qualified The system is completed, tested and qualified.
TRL 9 System proven in operational use The technology is fully operational and used in real missions.

Focus on TRL 1

TRL 1 means: the journey begins.

At this stage, the project team observes a principle, identifies a possible opportunity and starts collecting the first technical questions.

TRL 1 is not a prototype stage. It is not a validation stage. It is the moment where the first foundations are written clearly enough to open a structured project.

What happens at TRL 1?

1. Observe

Identify scientific, physical, technical or operational principles that may support a future technology.

2. Question

List the first unknowns, assumptions, risks and possible limitations.

3. Structure

Create the first project page, organize the reasoning and prepare the transition toward TRL 2.

Typical TRL 1 deliverables

Deliverable Description
Mission or need statement First explanation of the problem, mission or opportunity.
Basic principles note Short description of the scientific or technical principles observed.
Initial assumptions Early assumptions about mass, energy, structure, operation, mission or environment.
Comparable references First list of existing technologies, projects, papers or systems that may inspire the concept.
Open questions Questions that must be answered before moving to TRL 2.
First risk list Early technical, operational, safety or regulatory risks.

What is not expected at TRL 1?

   No prototype required
   No final architecture required
   No certification evidence required
   No detailed industrial plan required

TRL 1 exit criteria

A project can normally move from TRL 1 to TRL 2 when the following points are clear enough:

# Criterion Status
1 The basic principles have been identified. To be assessed
2 A possible application has been described. To be assessed
3 The main assumptions are listed. To be assessed
4 The main unknowns and risks are documented. To be assessed
5 A first concept direction can be formulated. To be assessed

Suggested structure for each project TRL 1 page

Each project-specific TRL 1 page should preferably follow this structure:

  1. Mission or need
  2. Basic principles observed
  3. Early technical assumptions
  4. Comparable technologies or references
  5. Main opportunities
  6. Main uncertainties
  7. First risks
  8. Questions to solve before TRL 2
  9. Contributors and references

Summary

TRL 1 is the foundation stage.

It transforms an intuition into a documented starting point. It does not prove that the technology works yet. It simply gives the project a clear first base for future concept work, technical studies and collaboration.

Next maturity step

After TRL 1, the project may move toward TRL 2 – Technology Concept Formulated, where the first concept is described and linked to a potential application.

See also